: "Four Approaches

The four approaches can be summarized as follows: (1) The author is informed by his or her own history, background knowledge, discourse community, and current social context, and these factors influence the resulting text. (2) The reader is informed by his or her own history, background knowledge, and current social context – as well as by the discourse community of which he or she is a member – and this affects the way he or she reads and interprets a written work. (3) The author shapes his or her writing to fit the reading audience based on what he or she knows about the potential readers. (4) The reader’s notion of the author and his or her intentions shapes how the reader interprets the writing."